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Some operating systems require installation or may come pre-installed with purchased computers ( OEM-installation), whereas others may run directly from media (i.e. Others may have higher system requirements. Some operating systems have low system requirements (e.g. Security-focused operating systems also exist.

Other specialized classes of operating systems (special-purpose operating systems), such as embedded and real-time systems, exist for many applications.

Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors. In the mobile sector (including smartphones and tablets), as of September 2023, Android's share is 68.92%, followed by Apple's iOS and iPadOS with 30.42%, and other operating systems with. is in second place (20%), and the varieties of Linux, including ChromeOS, are collectively in third place (7%). In the personal computer market, as of September 2023, Microsoft Windows holds a dominant market share of around 68%.

Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, peripherals, and other resources.įor hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. An operating system ( OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.

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